In just 12 weeks, patients with early Alzheimer's given the drug showed improved cognitive function on two tests as well as reduced levels of beta-amyloid - the protein that makes up the brain plaques that cause Alzheimer's.
Just 78 patients were involved in the double-blind trial and were randomised to receive 50mg PTB2, 250mg PTB2 or placebo daily for 12 weeks.
Levels of beta-amyloid in those given 250mg PBS2 were reduced by 13 per cent, compared with those given placebo.
Improvements were also seen in tests of executive function in patients given the higher dose, while worse scores were recorded in the placebo groups after 12 weeks, according to findings that were published online by the Lancet Neurology.
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